Writings

Writings: the Latter-day Saint faith

Joseph Smith dictated the Book of Mormon and most of his revelations to scribes. The oldest surviving Book of Mormon manuscript is the 1829 dictation. In the Latter-day Saint account it records a translation of an ancient record whose last prophet lived about 421 CE; in the critical account, Smith authored it. Only the papyri here are ancient objects.

Last reviewed:

The entries

  1. The printer's manuscript of the Book of Mormon

    Manuscript. Copy made: circa August 1829 to circa January 1830, the printer's manuscript, copied from the dictated manuscript for the typesetter by three scribes.

  2. The original (dictated) manuscript of the Book of Mormon

    Manuscript. Copy made: April to June 1829, the original manuscript, dictated by Joseph Smith to scribes.

  3. The 1830 first edition of the Book of Mormon

    Printed edition. Copy made: March 1830, the first printing of the Book of Mormon, on sale from 26 March 1830.

  4. The Witness Statements

    Document. Copy made: about February 1830, when Oliver Cowdery copied the Three Witnesses' statement at the end of the printer's manuscript, the earliest surviving copy.

  5. The Joseph Smith Papyri

    Papyrus. Copy made: third century BCE to first century CE, when the church's essay says the papyri were written.

  6. The Book of Abraham Manuscripts

    Manuscript. Copy made: about July to November 1835 for the three Kirtland copies, and February to March 1842 for the Nauvoo copies, when the surviving manuscripts were written.

  7. The Characters Document

    Document. Copy made: about 1829 to 1831, when the sheet with the title Caractors was made.

  8. The Book of Commandments (1833)

    Printed edition. Copy made: late 1832 to July 1833, when the book was typeset and printed by W. W. Phelps & Co. in Independence, Missouri.

  9. Revelation Book 1

    Manuscript. Copy made: About March 1831 to July 1835, the revelations copied into the book and later edited.

  10. The Joseph Smith Translation Manuscripts

    Manuscript. Copy made: June 1830 to July 1833, Joseph Smith's revision dictated and written down.

How were the Latter-day Saint scriptures handed down?

The Book of Mormon and most of Joseph Smith's revelations, which Latter-day Saints hold came from God, were dictated to scribes.123 For the Bible revision, which The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints calls the Joseph Smith Translation, he first dictated, then marked a Bible so scribes wrote only the changed text.45

The Latter-day Saint church holds that the Book of Mormon is Joseph Smith's translation, by the gift and power of God6, of an ancient record on gold plates, almost all of it translated between April and June 1829.76

Royal Skousen, an emeritus professor at Brigham Young University (BYU), which the Latter-day Saint church founded, supports, and guides, writes that the evidence suggests Smith was not its author, though it was revealed through him in his own language.8910 Grant Hardy, a University of North Carolina Asheville professor of history and religious studies, writes in a journal of BYU that Latter-day Saints hold two views of the translation: Smith put a revealed meaning into his own words, or he read out English words already formed. He adds that so far neither has proved entirely satisfactory.11

Other scholars read the dictation differently. Fawn Brodie, in a biography first published in 1945, argues that Smith produced the book. She says he and Oliver Cowdery began on April 7, 1829, and that the manuscript was finished by the first week in July.12 Klaus Hansen writes, in an undated encyclopedia entry, that modern scholars rejected the charge of plagiarism, concluding that Smith was the author.13

The Joseph Smith Papers (the Papers) are the Latter-day Saint church's own scholarly publication.14 Its editors write that most changes to the revelations were copyediting and a minor subset updated earlier texts to reflect later changes in church government and doctrine.15 H. Michael Marquardt, an independent researcher in Todd Compton's 2000 phrase, writes in a 2023 book posted on his own website, with no publisher named, that Smith revised the revelations as his theology developed, so later ideas entered earlier texts.1617

How much survives, and how old are the oldest copies?

No source used here counts all early copies. The Latter-day Saint church's Church History Library estimates around 700 copies of the 1830 Book of Mormon remain, and Georgetown University Library says fewer than 500. Neither page is dated.1819

Apart from the papyri, each of the ten entries was made between 1829 and 1842. The sources used report no radiocarbon test of the papyri and no test to date the paper or ink in the rest.

Community of Christ, formerly the Reorganized Church, held the printer's manuscript until the Latter-day Saint church bought it in 2017. It held the manuscripts of Smith's Bible revision until it transferred them on March 5, 2024.202122

  • The Book of Mormon. The Latter-day Saint church's Introduction says one group came from Jerusalem in 600 BCE and split into two nations, the Nephites and the Lamanites. Its Guide to the Scriptures dates Moroni, the last Nephite prophet, to about 421 CE. No source used dates the writing within that span.723 The oldest surviving copy, the original manuscript, is dated April to June 1829, and the Church Historian's Press said in 2022 that about 28 percent of the text survives.24 It is the dictation itself, so there is no gap on the church's dates for the translation or on Brodie's for Smith and Cowdery's work. Against the ancient record's span, the gap is about 1,400 to 2,400 years (computed here).
  • The Witness Statements and the Characters Document. The Witness Statements, printed in the Book of Mormon from 1830, say an angel showed three men the gold plates and Smith showed eight.252624 The Latter-day Saint church teaches that this happened; Richard Lloyd Anderson, Alexander Baugh, Steven Harper, and Richard Bushman argue for the statements' reliability. Brodie and Dan Vogel, a biographer of Smith, dispute what the witnesses experienced. Sources on both sides agree that none of the Three denied their account.27282930313233 The Papers editors place the Three Witnesses' statement between June 1829 and early 1830, and Cowdery's copy, the earliest surviving, about February 1830.34 They date the Characters Document, a torn sheet some accounts tie to the plates, to about 1829 to 1831, and write that none of the three characters documents they collect can be verified as a copy of a specific Smith document, though the three likely are representative of characters Smith copied from the plates.3536 Smith's account places his copying of characters between December and the next February; this page infers December 1827 to February 1828, about one to four years earlier (computed here).37
  • The Book of Abraham. The Latter-day Saint church canonized this record of the patriarch Abraham in its Pearl of Great Price, a volume of scripture, and teaches that Smith translated it in 1835 and 1842. The Egyptologist Robert Ritner holds it a nineteenth-century composition, and no source used gives a year for Abraham's own writing.383940 The church's essay dates the funerary papyri from the third century BCE to the first century CE, about 1,700 to 2,100 years before the translation (computed here). The oldest English manuscripts, about July to November 1835, fall within the translation years.3841 The essay says Latter-day Saint and other Egyptologists agree that the characters on the fragments do not match the translation, and holds their relationship to the text largely a matter of conjecture. Klaus Baer, an Egyptologist at the University of Chicago, translated the papyrus of the priest Horos in 1968 as the apparent source; Ritner writes that it concerns only the priest's afterlife and that no lost papyrus was used.3842434440 The essay holds that much of the papyri Smith had is likely not among the fragments, and that his study of them may have led to a revelation about Abraham. John Gee, an Egyptologist at BYU, writes that translation from lost papyri accounts for the most evidence with the fewest problems.384546
  • The revelations. The Papers editors date most of Smith's dictation of the revelations, which the Latter-day Saint church collects in its Doctrine and Covenants, to 1828 to 1834. Marquardt dates the texts he discusses from July 1828 to April 1834.3247 Revelation Book 1, copied about March 1831 to July 1835, begins about three years into that span (computed here).48
  • The Bible revision. The Latter-day Saint church's Bible Dictionary teaches that Smith was divinely commissioned and that the revision to some extent assists in restoring plain and precious things lost from the Bible. Marquardt holds it does not restore a Hebrew or Greek text.516 The Papers editors date the manuscripts to June 1830 to July 1833 and Marquardt dates the work 1830 to 1833; the manuscripts record the dictation, so there is no gap on either view. No source consulted dates any ancient text the revision is said to restore.4950516

How should the entries be read?

Equal slots do not mean equal evidence. Most dates and custody histories come from the Papers. The tradition's columns rest mainly on the Latter-day Saint church's essays and publications and on scholars at BYU. The critical columns rest mainly on scholars and writers outside the church's own historians; one includes Thomas Wayment, a BYU classics professor, heard at second hand.14105152

The critical sources include a biography (read here in its 1971 printing), a general encyclopedia entry, articles and reviews in Dialogue (an independent journal, by its own account), a 2023 book, and several web pages. MormonThink posts an undated Vogel essay and names no original publisher. In five entries the critical dates are borrowed from the Papers editors or Smith's account, because the critical sources give no years; Ritner names the century in two.12135316173254

This research reached Vogel, who holds that Smith produced the book, mostly through reviews of his books. It reached Grant Palmer, who holds that the Eight Witnesses saw the plates in a mind vision, mostly through writers who disagree with him. It reached Ann Taves, whom Hardy's footnote describes as a non-Latter-day Saint scholar trying to make sense of the translation in naturalistic terms, only through that footnote. The Characters Document's critical column rests on nothing later than 1971.555629321157

On the tradition's side, the Bible revision column rests on the Bible Dictionary, one survey, and one reply. Community of Christ is heard mainly through one website article on the Bible revision and an 1896 statement on the Book of Abraham.585955152

The list holds no 1835 Doctrine and Covenants, Egyptian Alphabet and Grammar (1835 attempts to decipher Egyptian), or Kinderhook plates (six small plates presented to Smith, which a note in Brian Hauglid's 2015 chapter calls a hoax). This research did not examine them separately.154260 See Latter-day Saint scripture and how ancient texts are dated.

Sources

  1. The Joseph Smith Papers (volume editors Royal Skousen and Robin Scott Jensen). Revelations and Translations, Volume 3: Printer's Manuscript of the Book of Mormon (volume page). The Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press), the "About This Volume" section. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  2. Joseph Smith Papers editors. Introduction to Revelations and Translations: Volume 1, Introduction to the Manuscript Revelation Books. The Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press), opening section. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  3. Doctrine and Covenants: Introduction. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  4. Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Church History Topics). Accessed 2026-11-03.
  5. Joseph Smith Translation (JST). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Bible Dictionary). Accessed 2026-11-03.
  6. Book of Mormon Translation. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Gospel Topics Essays), 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  7. The Book of Mormon: Introduction. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  8. Royal Skousen. Translating the Book of Mormon: Evidence from the Original Manuscript. In Noel B. Reynolds, ed., Book of Mormon Authorship Revisited: The Evidence for Ancient Origins (Provo, UT: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 1997), chapter 4, 1997, pp. 61 to 93 (cited at pp. 61 to 62, 67, 72, 82, and 90 to 91). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  9. Christine Rappleye (Church News). Full pages to fragments: see the original Book of Mormon manuscript in the new Joseph Smith Papers print volume. Church News, 2022, article of 25 January 2022. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  10. About BYU (mission statement). Brigham Young University. Accessed 2026-11-04.
  11. Grant Hardy. The Book of Mormon Translation Process. BYU Studies 60, no. 3, 2021, page 203. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  12. Fawn M. Brodie. No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith, the Mormon Prophet, second edition, revised and enlarged. Alfred A. Knopf (Vintage Books printing), 1971, pp. 61 to 62 (chapter 4), p. 79, and p. 80. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  13. Klaus J. Hansen. Mormonism, Origins of. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation (Gale), via Encyclopedia.com, section "Authorship and Sources of the Book of Mormon". Accessed 2026-11-03.
  14. About the Project. The Joseph Smith Papers (The Church Historian's Press). Accessed 2026-11-04.
  15. Joseph Smith Papers editors. Introduction to Revelations and Translations: Volume 2, Joseph Smith-Era Publications of Revelations. The Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press), sections on the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  16. H. Michael Marquardt (an independent researcher, per Compton). Development in Early Mormonism (Sandy, Utah, 2023): chapter 5, 'Changing Revelatory Messages: A Mormon Example', pp. 87 to 111, and chapter 7, 'The Joseph Smith Bible Project', pp. 112 to 123. Self-published by the author, 2023 (the PDF names no publisher and carries the author's copyright, which is the basis for 'self-published'); posted as a PDF on his site. Chapter 5 was first published in the John Whitmer Historical Association Journal 33 (Spring/Summer 2013), per the book's note., 2023, chapter 5 (pp. 87 to 103 on revisions to the revelations) and chapter 7 (pp. 112 to 123 on the Bible revision). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  17. Todd M. Compton. Textual Tradition, the Evolution of Mormon Doctrine, and the Doctrine & Covenants (review of H. Michael Marquardt, The Joseph Smith Revelations: Text & Commentary, Signature Books, 1999). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 33, no. 3 (Fall 2000), web edition, 2000, the review (the web edition shows no page numbers). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  18. Church History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Book of Mormon First Edition (1830), Foundations of Faith exhibit. Church History Library, the exhibit entry (item 3 of 10). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  19. Adrian Vaagenes (Georgetown University Library). A Rare First Edition. Georgetown University Library, Woodstock Theological Library (blog series Treasures From Woodstock Theological Library), the blog post. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  20. Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press). Printer's Manuscript of the Book of Mormon, circa August 1829 to circa January 1830 (source note). The Joseph Smith Papers, Church History Department, source note. Accessed 2026-11-05.
  21. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Newsroom). Church Acquires Printer's Manuscript of Book of Mormon. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Newsroom), 2017, the news release (no release date in the saved text). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  22. Community of Christ and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (joint statement). Responsibility and Ownership of Sacred Sites and Historic Documents Transfer to Church of Jesus Christ. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Newsroom (with Community of Christ), 2024, the statement. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  23. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Moroni, Son of Mormon (Guide to the Scriptures). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the entry's first line. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  24. The Church Historian's Press. Church Historian's Press Releases Landmark Volume on Book of Mormon Manuscript. The Church Historian's Press, an imprint of the Church History Department of the church, 2022, press release dated January 25, 2022. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  25. Testimony of Three Witnesses. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (scriptures, Book of Mormon), the whole page. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  26. Testimony of Eight Witnesses. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (scriptures, Book of Mormon), the whole page. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  27. Witnesses of the Book of Mormon. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Church History Topics. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  28. Richard Lloyd Anderson. Attempts to Redefine the Experience of the Eight Witnesses. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 14, no. 1 (2005), pp. 18 to 31 and 125 to 127 (Maxwell Institute and Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Brigham Young University), 2005, the abstract and the full text as posted by Scripture Central (the posted text has no page numbers; sections cited by name). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  29. Alexander L. Baugh. The Testimonies of the Book of Mormon Witnesses. In A Reason for Faith: Navigating LDS Doctrine and Church History, ed. Laura Harris Hales (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2016), pp. 45 to 58, 2016, pp. 45 to 58 (the saved web text has headings, not page numbers; the sections cited are named). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  30. Steven C. Harper. The Eleven Witnesses. In The Coming Forth of the Book of Mormon, ed. Dennis L. Largey and others (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2015), 117-32, 2015, 117-32. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  31. Richard Lyman Bushman. What Are We to Make of the Gold Plates?. BYU Studies 64, no. 1, page 97. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  32. Dan Vogel. Book of Mormon Witnesses Revisited: A Response to Richard L. Anderson, Stephen C. Harper, Daniel C. Peterson, Richard L. Bushman, and Alan Goff. Posted on the MormonThink website (mormonthink.com); the page says it is taken in its entirety from another location it does not name, and gives no date or original publisher. Written about a decade after Vogel's 2002 essay., the whole posted essay (no page numbers; sections cited by name). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  33. Fawn M. Brodie. No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith (chapters 4 and 5, 'A Marvelous Work and a Wonder' and 'Witnesses for God'). Alfred A. Knopf, 1945; the scan read is of a later printing (the 1971 second edition) uploaded to the Internet Archive; the scan's page numbers are cited, 1971, chapter 4, pp. 50 to 52 (Harris, the characters, and Anthon); chapter 5, pp. 76 to 79 (the witnesses). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  34. Joseph Smith Papers editors (Church Historian's Press). Appendix 4: Testimony of Three Witnesses, Late June 1829. The Joseph Smith Papers, Church History Department (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), source note and historical introduction. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  35. Joseph Smith Papers editors (Church Historian's Press). Appendix 2, Document 1: Characters Copied by John Whitmer, circa 1829 to 1831. The Joseph Smith Papers, Church History Department (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), source note and historical introduction. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  36. Joseph Smith Papers editors (Church Historian's Press). Appendix 2: Copies of Book of Mormon Characters, Introduction. The Joseph Smith Papers, Church History Department (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), the introduction. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  37. Joseph Smith. Joseph Smith-History 1 (Pearl of Great Price), current edition. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, verses 3, 5-20, 27-54, 59, 62-63, 67. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  38. Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Gospel Topics Essays), 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  39. Pearl of Great Price: Introduction. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  40. Robert K. Ritner. 'Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham': A Response. Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (ISAC), University of Chicago, research archive, the whole response (19 pages). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  41. Joseph Smith Papers editors. Book of Abraham Manuscript, circa July-circa November 1835-A [Abraham 1:4-2:6]. The Joseph Smith Papers (The Church Historian's Press), the source note and historical introduction on page 1. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  42. Joseph Smith Papers editors. Introduction to Revelations and Translations: Volume 4, Book of Abraham and Related Manuscripts. The Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press), sections on the Egyptian papyri and the Egyptian-language documents. Accessed 2026-11-03.
  43. Klaus Baer. The Breathing Permit of Hor: A Translation of the Apparent Source of the Book of Abraham. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 3, no. 3 (Autumn 1968), pp. 109 to 134, 1968, pp. 109 to 134. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  44. Robert K. Ritner. The 'Breathing Permit of Hor' Thirty-four Years Later. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 33, no. 4 (Winter 2000), pp. 97 to 119, 2000, pp. 97 to 119. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  45. John Gee. The Relationship of the Book of Abraham Text to the Papyri (in An Introduction to the Book of Abraham). Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, and Deseret Book, 2017, 2017, the whole chapter as posted by the Religious Studies Center. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  46. Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship, Brigham Young University. John Gee (staff directory page). Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship, Brigham Young University. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  47. H. Michael Marquardt (an independent researcher, per Compton). Revelations through Joseph Smith (chapter 12 of The Rise of Mormonism: 1816-1844). Posted by the author as a PDF of the chapter; the file does not state its edition. His 2023 book cites the second edition (Xulon Press, 2013)., pp. 191 to 195 of the posted chapter. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  48. Joseph Smith Papers editors. Revelation Book 1 (source note and historical introduction). The Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press, the church's scholarly publishing imprint), the Source Note and the Historical Introduction. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  49. Joseph Smith Papers editors. Old Testament Revision 1 (source note and historical introduction). The Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press), the Source Note and the Historical Introduction. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  50. Joseph Smith Papers editors. Old Testament Revision 2 (source note and historical introduction). The Joseph Smith Papers (Church Historian's Press), the Source Note and the Historical Introduction. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  51. Jared W. Ludlow (Brigham Young University). The Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible. BYU Studies 60, no. 3, p. 147 (web edition at byustudies.byu.edu), the article (the web text shows no page numbers inside). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  52. Kent P. Jackson (Brigham Young University). Some Notes on Joseph Smith and Adam Clarke. Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship 40 (2020), pp. 15 to 60, 2020, pp. 15 to 17 (abstract and opening), p. 27 for the count of passages and his statement that he writes as a believer, and the author note at the end for his affiliation. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  53. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought (home page). Dialogue Foundation. Accessed 2026-11-04.
  54. Jerald and Sandra Tanner. Changing the Revelations (excerpt from The Case Against Mormonism, vol. 1, ch. 6). Utah Lighthouse Ministry (utlm.org); the page is dated October 1967 and says it is an excerpt from their book, 1967, the opening sections. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  55. Kyle R. Walker. Review of Dan Vogel, Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2004). BYU Studies 45, no. 4, p. 169. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  56. Cheryl L. Bruno. Vogel, Book of Abraham Apologetics: A Review and Critique (review). Association for Mormon Letters, Reviews, the whole review. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  57. Stanley B. Kimball. The Anthon Transcript: Egyptian, Mesoamerican, or Phoenician? (Newsletter and Proceedings of the S.E.H.A., no. 126, August 1971, item 126.0). Society for Early Historic Archaeology, Brigham Young University; archived by permission of the Ancient America Foundation at Book of Mormon Central. A paper read at the Society's symposium on 10 October 1970., 1971, item 126.0, first three printed pages (the section 'Egyptian scripts'). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  58. Charmaine Chvala-Smith and Tony Chvala-Smith (Community of Christ Seminary; described on the page as theology and scripture consultants for the church). Does It Really Matter What Bible Translation You Use? (section 'As for the Inspired Version...'). Community of Christ (cofchrist.org, Articles), the section 'As for the Inspired Version...'. Accessed 2026-11-06.
  59. Richard P. Howard, Church Historian, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. The Joseph Smith Egyptian Papyri: Translations and Interpretations: A Tentative Approach to the Book of Abraham. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 3, no. 2 (Summer 1968), pp. 88 to 92 and following, 1968, pp. 88 to 92 (the saved file holds only the first pages of the article). Accessed 2026-11-06.
  60. Brian M. Hauglid. The Book of Abraham and the Egyptian Project: 'A Knowledge of Hidden Languages' (in Approaching Antiquity: Joseph Smith and the Ancient World). Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, and Deseret Book, 2015, pp. 474 to 511, 2015, pp. 474 to 511; the tables of manuscripts and the closing conclusions. Accessed 2026-11-06.